Markedsdynamik

Markedsdynamik, or market dynamics, is the study of how markets adjust over time as conditions change. It examines the evolution of prices, quantities, and market structure in response to shocks such as shifts in demand, changes in technology, or policy interventions.

The core mechanisms include the interaction of supply and demand, price formation, and information flows. Adjustments occur through price signals, inventory changes, production capacity adjustments, and the entry and exit of firms. In imperfectly competitive markets, strategic interactions among firms can affect the speed and path of adjustment.

Determinants and models include technology progress, input costs, resource scarcity, consumer preferences, regulation, taxes, subsidies, and international trade. Markedsdynamik is studied with various modeling approaches: dynamic models extending static analysis, dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, partial equilibrium dynamic models, agent-based simulations, and game-theoretic analysis of oligopolies, along with empirical time-series methods to study adjustment lags and volatility.

Applications of markedsdynamik include policy assessment, where reforms influence how quickly markets adapt; business strategy, such as timing of capacity changes and pricing; and forecasting of price and quantity movements. The field also notes limitations, including model misspecification, heterogeneity among agents, and the challenge of predicting shocks with low probability but high impact.