Malabsorbsjon

Malabsorbsjon, also known as malabsorption, refers to the impaired absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. This condition can affect the digestion and assimilation of various nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Malabsorbsjon can lead to nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, diarrhea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

The causes of malabsorbsjon are diverse and may include conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, chronic pancreatitis, bacterial overgrowth, and infections like giardiasis. Structural abnormalities in the intestinal lining, enzyme deficiencies, or surgical removal of parts of the intestine can also contribute to inadequate nutrient absorption.

Diagnosis of malabsorbsjon involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common diagnostic methods include stool tests for fats and vitamins, blood tests for nutritional deficiencies, and breath tests for carbohydrate malabsorption. Additionally, endoscopy with biopsies may be utilized to identify underlying intestinal damage.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and aims to restore normal absorption or manage nutritional deficiencies. Dietary modifications, such as avoiding gluten in celiac disease or reducing fat intake in pancreatic insufficiency, are often recommended. Supplementation with vitamins and minerals may be necessary. In some cases, enzyme replacement therapy or antibiotics to eradicate bacterial overgrowth are employed.

Prognosis varies according to the cause and severity of malabsorption. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment can improve outcomes and prevent complications associated with nutritional deficiencies. Proper management is essential to maintain nutritional status and quality of life in affected individuals.