Makulopati

Makulopati refers to any disease that affects the macula, the small, central area of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. The macula allows us to see fine details, read, and recognize faces. When the macula is damaged, central vision is impaired, leading to blurry or distorted vision. Peripheral vision typically remains unaffected.

Several conditions can cause makulopati. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause, particularly in older adults. AMD can be dry or wet. Dry AMD progresses slowly, causing gradual vision loss. Wet AMD is less common but more severe, characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina that can leak fluid and blood, leading to rapid vision loss.

Other causes of makulopati include diabetic macular edema, a complication of diabetes where fluid builds up in the macula due to damaged blood vessels in the retina. Macular holes, a small tear or break in the macula, can also cause distorted and blurry vision. Myopic macular degeneration, associated with high myopia (severe nearsightedness), can also damage the macula.

Symptoms of makulopati can vary depending on the cause and severity but often include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, and a blind spot in the center of the visual field. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing makulopati and preserving vision. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, slit-lamp examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, laser therapy, or injections.