Magnetotherapy

Magnetotherapy refers to the therapeutic use of magnetic fields, typically static fields produced by permanent magnets or pulsed electromagnetic fields, to influence biological tissues. It is marketed and used for a range of conditions, most commonly musculoskeletal pain, but also for purported effects on wound healing, inflammation, and circulation. Devices include bracelets, insoles, mattresses, and clinical applicators, with varying levels of evidence and regulatory status.

Proposed mechanisms are speculative and not widely agreed upon. Supporters suggest magnetic fields may alter nerve signaling, ion transport, or blood flow, while others propose effects on cellular metabolism. There is no robust, replicable biological mechanism established in the scientific literature, and many claimed effects lack consistent experimental support.

Evidence from systematic reviews and randomized trials generally finds little to no clinically meaningful benefit beyond placebo for most uses. Some small studies report modest improvements in pain or function, but results are inconsistent and subject to bias. Major medical bodies typically do not endorse magnetotherapy as an effective treatment and emphasize standard therapies with proven efficacy.

Safety and regulation vary by country. Magnetic field exposure from consumer devices is typically well tolerated, but improper use can cause skin irritation, burns, or interference with implanted medical devices such as pacemakers. Regulatory oversight ranges from consumer wellness products with limited claims to medical devices evaluated for efficacy and safety.