Magnetisuusmittaus

Magnetisuusmittaus, or magnetic susceptibility measurement, is a technique used to quantify how a material responds to an external magnetic field. This response is described by the magnetic susceptibility, a dimensionless quantity that indicates the degree of magnetization of a material in response to an applied magnetic field. Materials can be diamagnetic, paramagnetic, or ferromagnetic, and their susceptibility values differ significantly.

Diamagnetic materials weakly repel an external magnetic field, exhibiting a small, negative magnetic susceptibility. Paramagnetic materials are weakly attracted to an external magnetic field, with a small, positive susceptibility. Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to magnetic fields and can retain magnetization even after the external field is removed, possessing large, positive susceptibilities that are often dependent on the field strength.

The measurement is typically performed using a susceptibility meter or a vibrating sample magnetometer. These instruments apply a known magnetic field and measure the resulting magnetic moment of the sample. This allows for the determination of the magnetic susceptibility and provides insights into the material's composition and electronic structure. Magnetismusmittaus has applications in various fields, including geology for rock characterization, materials science for studying magnetic properties of new materials, and archaeology for detecting buried artifacts. It is a fundamental tool for understanding and characterizing magnetic behavior.