Magnetiserte

Magnetiserte is the term used in Norwegian to describe materials that have been magnetized, i.e., substances that exhibit a net magnetic moment due to the alignment of their internal magnetic domains under an external magnetic field. The magnetisation results from the collective alignment of microscopic magnetic moments within the material, producing a measurable magnetic field.

In a magnetised material, domains align in the direction of the applied field, increasing the net magnetization. Materials are typically categorized as soft magnets, which acquire and lose magnetisation easily, and hard magnets, which retain magnetisation after the field is removed. Key properties include the saturation magnetization (Ms), the remanent induction or remanence (Br), and the coercivity (Hc), which is the field required to reduce the magnetisation to zero.

Magnetisation can be induced by exposing the material to a steady or pulsed magnetic field, often created by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. Thermal and mechanical history can influence the final state, a phenomenon described by hysteresis. Demagnetisation can occur through heating, hammering, or applying a reverse field.

Applications of magnetiserte materials are diverse. Hard magnets are used in permanent magnets for motors, generators, and magnetic storage. Soft magnets are important in transformers, inductors, and magnetic shielding. Magnetic particles and sensors rely on magnetisation to detect fields, while nondestructive testing uses magnetised samples to reveal cracks.

The term magnetiserte reflects the broader concept of magnetization, its methods, and its practical uses.