Maculalæsioner

Maculalæsioner refers to damage or abnormalities affecting the macula, a small, highly sensitive area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. This central vision is crucial for tasks like reading, driving, and recognizing faces. Lesions in the macula can manifest in various forms and have diverse causes, leading to a range of visual impairments.

Common types of maculalæsioner include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. AMD can be either dry, characterized by the breakdown of light-sensitive cells and supporting tissue, or wet, involving the abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina that can leak fluid and blood. Diabetic macular edema is another significant cause, occurring when diabetes damages the blood vessels in the retina, leading to swelling in the macula.

Other causes of maculalæsioner can include macular holes, which are small breaks in the macula; epiretinal membranes, a thin layer of scar tissue that forms on the surface of the retina; central serous retinopathy, where fluid accumulates under the retina; and inherited retinal diseases that can affect macular function.

Symptoms of maculalæsioner typically include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and a blind spot in the center of the visual field. Early detection and diagnosis are vital for managing maculalæsioner and preserving vision, often involving comprehensive eye examinations, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and can include medications, laser therapy, or surgical interventions.