Maakasutus

Maakasutus is a term used in geography and urban planning to describe the way land is used and designated for different purposes. It encompasses assigning land to agricultural, residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, transport, forestry, and nature conservation uses, as well as the protection of ecologically sensitive areas. Maakasutus evolves through planning decisions and reflects changes in society, economy, and the environment.

In practice, maakasutus is managed through planning processes such as comprehensive plans, detailed plans, and zoning decisions. Planners map current land use, anticipate future needs, and determine where new development should occur while preserving essential functions like food production, biodiversity, and water management. The process may involve environmental impact assessments, public consultation, and alignment with national or regional planning frameworks.

Common categories used in maakasutus include agricultural land, residential land, commercial and industrial land, transport corridors, recreational areas, forests, protected areas, and water bodies. Changes from one category to another require approvals and are influenced by factors such as population growth, infrastructure investments, and legal protections.

The effects of maakasutus extend to housing availability and prices, commuting patterns, and local ecosystems, making it a central instrument for sustainable development and land governance.

Etymology: the word is formed from Estonian maa meaning “land” and kasutus meaning “use.”

See also: land-use planning, zoning, spatial planning, environmental assessment.