MNO3

MNO3 is the general formula used for nitrates of monovalent metals, typically alkali metals. In these salts, the cation is M+ and the anion is NO3−, giving compounds such as LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, and CsNO3. These salts are usually white, crystalline solids and are highly soluble in water. A widely taught rule in inorganic chemistry is that all nitrates are soluble in water, and this applies to MNO3 salts as well.

Preparation of MNO3 salts is commonly achieved by neutralizing a metal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with nitric acid: for example, LiOH + HNO3 → LiNO3 + H2O or Li2O + 2HNO3 → 2LiNO3 + H2O. They can also be produced by metathesis reactions starting from other nitrate or salt precursors.

Properties of MNO3 salts include thermal stability at room temperature, with decomposition upon heating that can release nitrogen oxides (NOx) and oxygen. They are generally strong oxidizers and should be handled as such, away from reducing agents and organic materials. Moisture sensitivity varies with the metal, but solubility in water remains high for most MNO3 salts.

Uses of MNO3 salts are diverse. They are important nitrogen sources in agriculture (fertilizers). Certain members, such as LiNO3 and NaNO3, have specialized applications in electronics, glassmaking, and pyrotechnics, while potassium nitrate has long been used as an oxidizer in fireworks and in some food preparation contexts.

Safety and handling emphasize the oxidizing nature of these salts. They should be stored properly, kept away from incompatible materials, and managed under appropriate laboratory or industrial safety protocols.