LiOH

LiOH, or lithium hydroxide, is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It is a white, odorless solid that is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent, tending to absorb moisture from the air. In water it dissociates to give Li+ and OH−, producing strongly alkaline solutions with a pH well above 13. It readily forms hydrated forms such as LiOH·H2O in humid conditions and can slowly absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to form lithium carbonate.

Production and related reactions

LiOH is commonly prepared by the hydration of lithium oxide: Li2O + H2O → 2 LiOH. It also forms during processes that generate Li2O or Li-containing species. In chemical reactions, LiOH behaves as a strong base and forms lithium salts upon reaction with acids (for example, LiOH and HCl yield LiCl and H2O). It also reacts with CO2: 2 LiOH + CO2 → Li2CO3 + H2O.

Applications

The primary use of LiOH is as a carbon dioxide absorber in closed environments, such as spacecraft life-support systems and submarine air revitalization, where removal of CO2 is essential. It is also employed as a strong base in organic synthesis and in various chemical processing applications that require basic conditions. Its basicity and lithium ion counterpart can influence reaction selectivity in certain contexts.

Safety and handling

LiOH is caustic and corrosive; contact with skin or eyes can cause serious burns. It should be handled with appropriate protective equipment and stored in a sealed, desiccated container to minimize moisture uptake and CO2 absorption.

See also: LiOH·H2O