LiOHH2O

LiOHH2O, commonly written LiOH·H2O, is lithium hydroxide monohydrate, a chemical compound that consists of lithium cations, hydroxide anions, and one molecule of water of crystallization per formula unit. It is a white, hygroscopic solid that readily absorbs moisture from air, often existing as LiOH·H2O in ordinary humidity. In dry conditions LiOH tends to pick up water to form the monohydrate, and heating can remove the water to yield anhydrous LiOH.

Preparation and occurrence: LiOH·H2O is typically produced by exposing anhydrous LiOH to moisture or by hydrating lithium oxide or lithium hydroxide under controlled conditions. It is not a naturally occurring mineral and is manufactured for industrial use.

Chemical properties and reactions: It is a strong base. When it reacts with carbon dioxide, the principal reaction is 2 LiOH + CO2 → Li2CO3 + H2O, forming lithium carbonate. The hydrate can dehydrate upon heating to give LiOH and water.

Applications: The main use is carbon dioxide sequestration in closed environments, such as submarines, spacecraft, and respiratory equipment. LiOH cartridges are widely used in life-support systems to scrub CO2 from the air. It may also be employed in laboratory settings as a base or, less commonly, as a drying agent.

Safety: LiOH and its hydrates are caustic and can cause severe irritation to skin and eyes. They are corrosive and should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, avoiding contact with moisture to prevent excessive dust formation. Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place.