MMRvaccin

MMRvaccin is a combined vaccine used to protect against measles, mumps and rubella. It contains live, attenuated viruses and is administered by subcutaneous injection as part of routine childhood immunization programs in many countries.

Most MMR vaccines provide immunity against all three diseases with a single injection. The three viruses are weakened so they provoke an immune response without causing the illnesses in healthy recipients. Formulations vary by country and manufacturer, but all are designed to be safe and highly effective.

Dosing schedules commonly include two doses. The first dose is typically given around 12–15 months of age, and the second dose around 4–6 years. Some regions offer catch-up doses for older children, adolescents and adults who have not completed the schedule or have uncertain immunity.

Effectiveness and safety: After two doses, protection against measles, mumps, and rubella is typically high. The vaccine is generally well tolerated; common side effects include redness or swelling at the injection site, low-grade fever, and mild rash. Serious adverse events are rare. Contraindications include a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose, pregnancy (due to rubella), and certain severe immune system disorders; mild illness is not a contraindication in many cases. Concerns about autism have been discredited by extensive research.

Public health and history: Since its introduction, MMR vaccination has led to substantial declines in measles, mumps and rubella cases and has helped eliminate measles and rubella in some regions. Vaccination programs rely on high coverage to maintain herd immunity and prevent outbreaks.