Lögboðin

Lögboðin, also known as the Icelandic Constitution, is the supreme law of Iceland. It was adopted on June 17, 1944, and came into effect on June 17, 1945. The constitution is structured into a preamble and 11 chapters, covering a wide range of topics including the structure of the state, human rights, the role of the president, the parliament, and the judiciary.

The Icelandic Constitution is notable for its progressive stance on social and political rights. It guarantees freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as the right to privacy and the right to an education. It also provides for the protection of minority rights and the right to participate in public affairs.

The constitution establishes a parliamentary republic, with the President of Iceland serving as the head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. The President is elected by the Althing, the Icelandic Parliament, for a four-year term. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President from among the members of the Althing.

The Althing is the unicameral parliament of Iceland, consisting of 63 members elected by proportional representation for a four-year term. The parliament is responsible for making laws, approving the national budget, and overseeing the government.

The Icelandic Constitution also establishes an independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court of Iceland as the highest court. The judiciary is responsible for interpreting the constitution and ensuring the rule of law.

The constitution has been amended several times since its adoption, most recently in 2012. These amendments have been made to reflect changes in Icelandic society and to address new challenges facing the country. Despite these changes, the core principles of the constitution remain unchanged, ensuring a stable and democratic framework for Iceland's political and social life.