Läänemaa

Läänemaa, or Lääne maakond in Estonian, is a county in western Estonia situated along the Baltic Sea. Its administrative center is Haapsalu, a seaside town known for its historic architecture, promenade, and spa heritage. The county comprises Haapsalu City and several rural municipalities, and it features a varied landscape of coastal plains, bogs, forests, and numerous lakes.

Geography and nature are defining features of Läänemaa. The western coast includes peninsulas, bays, and the important Matsalu Bay, which hosts Matsalu National Park. The park is one of Europe’s leading wetland areas and is renowned for migratory birds and conservation programs. Vormsi Island lies off the coast and is part of the county; it is connected to the mainland by ferry routes and offers a distinct rural landscape with forests and traditional coastal villages.

History and culture have shaped the region for centuries. Haapsalu developed as a medieval town with an episcopal castle and old town that reflect its Baltic‑German and Scandinavian influences. The area is also associated with traditional crafts, most notably the Haapsalu shawl, a well-known knitted textile. The county has a tradition of fisheries, agriculture, and forestry, complemented by growing tourism, especially in Haapsalu’s historic center and in nature areas around Matsalu Bay.

Today, Läänemaa is known for its natural heritage, cultural sites, and relaxed coastal towns. It plays a significant role in regional tourism, nature conservation, and rural life in western Estonia.