Läkaköha

Läkaköha, also known as whooping cough or pertussis, is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits that can last for weeks or months, often accompanied by a distinctive "whooping" sound when the individual inhales.

The infection is spread through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms typically begin with mild cold-like signs, such as a runny nose and slight cough. This is followed by more severe coughing episodes, which can lead to vomiting, exhaustion, and difficulty breathing. In infants, the coughing fits may not be accompanied by the characteristic whoop, making diagnosis more challenging.

While Läkaköha can affect individuals of all ages, it poses the most significant risk to infants and young children, who are more susceptible to severe complications such as pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Läkaköha. The DTaP vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, and is recommended for children in a series of doses. Booster shots are also available for adolescents and adults to maintain immunity.

Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms and may be confirmed by laboratory tests, such as a nasopharyngeal swab to detect the bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to reduce the spread of the infection, although supportive care is crucial for managing symptoms, especially in infants. Public health measures, including widespread vaccination and prompt reporting of cases, are essential in controlling outbreaks of Läkaköha.