Lágskammtaheparín

Lágskammtaheparín, also known as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), is a class of anticoagulant medications. These drugs are derived from unfractionated heparin but have been processed to reduce their molecular weight and alter their chemical structure. This modification results in a more predictable pharmacokinetic profile and a longer half-life compared to unfractionated heparin.

The primary mechanism of action for LMWH involves potentiating the inhibitory effect of antithrombin III on coagulation factors Xa and, to a lesser extent, IIa (thrombin). By preferentially inhibiting factor Xa, LMWH is highly effective in preventing clot formation. This targeted action is a key difference from unfractionated heparin, which inhibits both factor Xa and thrombin more equally.

Lágskammtaheparín is commonly used for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is also employed in certain situations to prevent blood clots in patients undergoing surgery, particularly orthopedic surgery, or those with acute medical conditions that increase their risk of clotting. Its use in managing unstable angina and certain types of myocardial infarction is also established.

Compared to unfractionated heparin, LMWH offers advantages such as less frequent dosing, typically once or twice daily, and often does not require the intensive laboratory monitoring (like activated partial thromboplastin time, aPTT) that is necessary for unfractionated heparin. However, LMWH still carries a risk of bleeding, and in patients with severe renal impairment, dose adjustments or caution may be necessary. The choice between LMWH and other anticoagulants depends on individual patient factors and clinical context.