Lymfekierto

Lymfekierto is Finnish for the lymphatic circulation, the part of the lymphatic system that drains tissue fluid, transports immune cells, and aids in lipid absorption. In humans and many vertebrates, this system operates in coordination with the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance and defense.

Anatomy and flow: Lymph begins as interstitial fluid that enters blind-ended lymphatic capillaries. It then passes through progressively larger vessels, guided by one-way valves and smooth muscle contractions, until it reaches lymph nodes for filtering and then converges into larger ducts—the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct—that drain into the venous system near the junction of the subclavian and internal jugular veins.

Functions: Fluid homeostasis by returning excess interstitial fluid to blood; immune function via transport of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells through lymph nodes; fat absorption through chyle transported by intestinal lacteals.

Clinical relevance: Lymphedema results from impaired lymph drainage, causing tissue swelling, most commonly after surgery or radiation; infections and inflammatory conditions can affect lymphatics; cancer may spread via lymphatic routes. Diagnostic methods include lymphoscintigraphy, lymphangiography, and MRI or CT lymphangiography; management includes compression, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgical treatment.

Etymology and scope: The term combines Finnish 'lymfa' or 'lymfi' with 'kierto' meaning circulation, aligning with international terms such as lymphatic circulation. The concept covers lymph vessels, nodes, spleen, thymus, and sentinel nodes.