Luleå

Luleå is a city in northern Sweden, the seat of Luleå Municipality and the capital of Norrbotten County. It lies on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the Lule River, serving as a regional center for administration, education, industry and culture. The urban area hosts the Luleå University of Technology and a major port.

The city was founded in 1621 by King Gustav II Adolf as a trading town intended to support iron ore exports and regional timber activity. It grew through shipping and industrial development along the coast. The surrounding area includes Gammelstad Church Town, a well-preserved medieval church settlement that is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Economy and infrastructure: Luleå has a diversified economy with a significant steel industry presence through the Luleå Steelworks (part of SSAB) and a strong service sector. The Port of Luleå is an important ice-free port on the Gulf of Bothnia, handling ore, timber and general cargo. The city is home to Luleå University of Technology and several research institutes that contribute to technology and innovation.

Education and culture: LTU offers programs in engineering, natural sciences, architecture, business and the humanities. Cultural institutions include the Luleå Cathedral, museums and theatres, and the city hosts various festivals and cultural events throughout the year.

Transportation and climate: Luleå is connected by road and rail to the rest of Sweden and has Luleå Airport (Kallax), providing domestic and international flights. The climate is subarctic, with long winters and relatively mild summers; the Gulf of Bothnia moderates temperatures, and the area experiences extended twilight in winter and midnight sun in summer.