Luftfartslovgivning

Luftfartslovgivning refers to the body of law and regulation governing civil aviation within a country or region. It covers the design, certification, operation, and maintenance of aircraft, as well as air navigation, airports, licensing of personnel, and liability.

Internationally, aviation law is shaped by the 1944 Chicago Convention and the work of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which issues standards and recommended practices (SARPs) that states implement in national law. The Montréal Convention (1999) governs liability for international carriage by air, providing a framework for passenger and cargo claims consistent across signatories.

In the European Union, aviation regulation is harmonized through EU law and administered by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 established common safety rules for certification, airworthiness, and maintenance, while EASA issues guidance and certifications. The EU also governs market aspects such as licensing of airlines, passenger rights, slot allocation, and coordinated air traffic management, with national authorities handling enforcement and local oversight.

National frameworks require a civil aviation authority or ministry to issue licenses, register aircraft, and oversee operators through certificates such as the air operator certificate, as well as safety management and accident investigations conducted by specialized bodies.

Core areas of luftfartslovgivning include safety oversight, airworthiness, flight operations, air traffic management, security, environmental impact, and consumer protection. The field continues to evolve with drone regulation, cybersecurity considerations, and climate-related measures affecting certification, operations, and airspace management.