Loukkaaminen

Loukkaaminen, or loukkaus in Finnish, refers to acts or statements that cause another person to feel offended, humiliated, or degraded. It covers verbal remarks, written communications, images, and other expressions, including content published or shared online. The offense can be committed through direct interaction or via media and digital platforms and may involve intentional acts or negligence.

In Finland, loukkaaminen is treated as a criminal offense under the Penal Code. The act is judged by its impact on the target’s dignity and feelings rather than solely on factual truth. Distinctions exist between loukkaaminen and kunnianloukkaus (injury to honor or defamation) as well as solvaaminen (insult). Kunnianloukkaus usually concerns false statements or rumors that harm a person’s reputation published to others; loukkaaminen typically focuses on hurting a person's feelings through insulting or demeaning conduct, though overlaps can occur.

Penalties vary with the seriousness and circumstances. Simple cases may lead to fines, while aggravated forms—such as repeated offenses, targeting vulnerable groups, or highly public acts—can result in longer sanctions. Courts may also order compensation for damages or require apologies as part of the resolution.

On digital platforms, loukkaaminen is a common concern, with posts, comments, and direct messages potentially qualifying as offenses if they intentionally or negligently offend or demean another person. Civil remedies may also be pursued in addition to criminal proceedings, and organizations often implement policies to address harassment and protect personal dignity.