Longidorus

Longidorus is a genus of ectoparasitic nematodes belonging to the order Dorylaimida. These microscopic roundworms are commonly known as needle nematodes due to their exceptionally long stylets, which they use to feed on plant roots. They are found worldwide in a variety of soil environments, particularly in temperate regions.

The feeding habits of Longidorus species are significant in agriculture and horticulture. Their long stylets allow them to penetrate deep into root tissues, extracting cell sap and potentially causing substantial damage to host plants. This damage can manifest as stunted growth, reduced yield, and increased susceptibility to other pathogens. Some Longidorus species are also vectors for plant viruses, transmitting them to new hosts during their feeding activity.

Identification of Longidorus species relies on morphological characteristics, including the length and morphology of the stylet, the shape of the female reproductive system, and the presence and arrangement of caudal setae. Their life cycle typically involves an egg stage, several juvenile stages (juveniles), and an adult stage. Reproduction can be sexual or parthenogenetic, depending on the species.

Management of Longidorus infestations often involves cultural practices such as crop rotation, the use of resistant plant varieties, and soil solarization. Chemical nematicides are also available, though their use is often restricted due to environmental concerns. Research continues to explore biological control methods and integrated pest management strategies to mitigate the impact of these nematodes.