Litinis

Litinis refers to a genus of small, spiny, herbaceous plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. These plants are native to arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean basin and parts of the Middle East. Litinis species are typically characterized by their low growth habit, often forming dense cushions or mats of foliage. The leaves are usually small, linear, and can be either smooth or slightly hairy, often with prickly margins, contributing to the genus's common name.

The flower heads of Litinis are solitary and borne on short stalks, emerging from the leafy rosettes. They possess numerous ray florets, which are typically yellow and exhibit a star-like appearance, surrounded by a calyx of bracts. These bracts are often stiff and pointed, adding to the plant's spiny nature. The flowering period generally occurs in the spring and early summer, attracting small insects for pollination.

Reproduction in Litinis is primarily through seeds. Following flowering, the plants produce achenes, the characteristic fruits of the Asteraceae family. These seeds are dispersed by wind or by animals that may brush against the spiny foliage. Litinis species are well-adapted to survive in harsh environments, tolerating drought and poor soil conditions. Their ecological role often involves providing ground cover in desolate landscapes and serving as a food source for certain herbivores. While not widely cultivated, some species may be found in xeriscape gardens or collections of Mediterranean flora.