Lipoproteïnelipase

Lipoprotein lipase, often abbreviated as LPL, is a crucial enzyme in lipid metabolism. It is primarily synthesized by adipocytes and muscle cells, but it is also found in other tissues. LPL plays a central role in the hydrolysis of triglycerides, which are the main component of dietary fats and those stored in adipose tissue.

The enzyme is anchored to the capillary endothelium of various tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle. Its main function is to break down triglycerides in lipoproteins, such as chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), circulating in the bloodstream. This breakdown releases free fatty acids and glycerol. The free fatty acids can then be taken up by adjacent cells for energy production or re-esterified and stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue.

LPL activity is regulated by various factors, including hormones and dietary intake. For instance, insulin promotes LPL synthesis and activity, especially in adipose tissue, facilitating triglyceride storage after a meal. Conversely, fasting and glucagon tend to reduce LPL activity. Genetic variations in the LPL gene can lead to dyslipidemias, affecting triglyceride levels and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Understanding LPL's function is vital for comprehending how the body processes and utilizes fats.