Lipoksigenaasin

Lipoksigenaasin, also known as lipoxygenase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically at the 13- and 15-positions of the fatty acid chain. This process leads to the formation of hydroperoxides, which are intermediates in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds. Lipoxygenases are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and they play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including inflammation, wound healing, and the synthesis of eicosanoids, which are lipid-derived signaling molecules.

There are two main types of lipoxygenases: 5-lipoxygenases (5-LOs) and 12-lipoxygenases (12-LOs). 5-LOs are involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes, which are potent mediators of inflammation. 12-LOs, on the other hand, are involved in the synthesis of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), which have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects.

Lipoxygenases are regulated by various factors, including calcium, arachidonic acid, and specific inhibitors. They are also subject to feedback inhibition, where the products of their reactions can inhibit the enzyme itself. This regulation ensures that the production of lipoxygenase-derived compounds is tightly controlled and occurs only when necessary.

In summary, lipoxygenases are essential enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to the synthesis of biologically active compounds. Their roles in inflammation, wound healing, and other physiological processes make them important targets for both basic research and therapeutic interventions.