lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically at the 13- and 15-positions of the carbon chain. This process leads to the formation of hydroperoxides, which are intermediates in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds. Lipoxygenases are classified into three main types based on their substrate specificity and the position of the hydroperoxide group: 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO), and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO).

5-lipoxygenase is the most studied and is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, a 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is found in various tissues, including platelets, where it plays a crucial role in blood clotting. 12-lipoxygenase, on the other hand, is involved in the metabolism of linoleic acid, a 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, and is found in plants and some animal tissues. 15-lipoxygenase is involved in the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are found in fish oil.

Lipoxygenases are regulated by various factors, including calcium, phospholipids, and other enzymes. They play a significant role in inflammation, immune response, and cell signaling. Dysregulation of lipoxygenase activity has been linked to various diseases, including atherosclerosis, asthma, and cancer. Therefore, lipoxygenases are of great interest in the fields of pharmacology and medicine.