LimitedSlip

Limited-slip, or limited-slip differential (LSD), is a type of automotive differential that limits the difference in rotational speed between the two wheels on an axle. By reducing wheel spin on the slipping wheel, LSD helps transfer more torque to the wheel with better grip, improving traction and stability under acceleration and during cornering.

Operation and types: LSDs use various mechanisms to bias torque toward the wheel with more traction. Common implementations include clutch-type or plate-type systems, viscous couplings, and gear-type torque-sensing designs such as the Torsen. Electronic or hydraulic variants may modulate slip via sensors and braking or torque-vectoring algorithms. The choice of design affects how quickly the system engages, how much grip is provided, and how it influences steering feel.

Applications and usage: LSDs are widespread in performance cars, rear-driver sports cars, all-wheel-drive models, and rally or off-road vehicles. They complement other traction systems and are selected based on weight, cost, and desired handling characteristics. In competition settings, LSDs are often tuned for a balance between acceleration grip and predictable cornering.

Trade-offs: LSDs add complexity and cost and may require maintenance, such as replacing clutch packs in clutch-type designs or fluid changes in viscous setups. They can introduce steering biases or heat buildup under sustained high-slip conditions. They are not true locking differentials; they reduce slip and improve grip but do not lock both wheels completely.