Lighttowers

Lighttowers, also known as lighthouses, are navigational aids that emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and serve to guide ships at sea or on inland waterways. They are typically placed on shorelines, on islands, or on offshore structures to mark dangerous coastlines, shoals, reefs, or safe entries to harbors. The primary function of a lighthouse is to serve as a beacon, warning mariners of hazards and helping them to determine their position.

The design of a lighthouse varies greatly depending on its location, purpose, and the era in which it was built. Many are tall, robust structures made of stone, brick, or concrete, designed to withstand harsh weather conditions. Others may be smaller, simpler towers or even structures integrated into buildings. The light source has evolved over time, from open fires and candles to oil lamps, kerosene, and eventually electric lamps. Modern lighthouses often employ powerful, specialized bulbs and sophisticated optical systems like Fresnel lenses to project beams visible for many miles.

The characteristic flashes or colors of a lighthouse's light are known as its "characteristic." This unique pattern allows mariners to identify specific lighthouses, distinguishing them from others and aiding in precise navigation. The automation of lighthouses began in the 20th century, leading to the decommissioning of many manually operated stations. Today, while electronic navigation systems are prevalent, lighthouses continue to play a role in maritime safety, often serving as backups or providing a visual reference point. Many historic lighthouses are preserved as cultural landmarks and tourist attractions.