Liberica

Liberica, or Coffea liberica, is a species of coffee plant in the Rubiaceae family. It is one of the major cultivated coffee species, alongside Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora (robusta). In some classifications, Coffea excelsa is treated as Coffea liberica var. dewevrei, reflecting ongoing taxonomic debate.

Liberica is native to tropical western Africa, with the type location associated with Liberia. It has been cultivated outside Africa since the 19th century, notably in the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and parts of West Africa and Latin America. The trees are relatively large and long-lived, and they produce seeds that are noticeably bigger than those of arabica or robusta.

The cup profile of liberica coffee is typically full-bodied with moderate to low acidity. Flavor descriptions often include woody, earthy, and sometimes smoky notes, sometimes accompanied by fruity or floral hints. Because of its distinctive characteristics, liberica is used both in single-origin coffees and in blends, particularly in markets seeking a bold, unique palate.

Production and market presence of liberica are comparatively small relative to arabica and robusta. Major producers include the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and several West African countries. In the Philippines, liberica is associated with the traditional barako coffees, which are known for their robust flavor.

Taxonomy and classification remain somewhat fluid, especially concerning excelsa varieties, which are sometimes considered a distinct group within Coffea liberica or treated as a separate species. Regardless of classification, liberica remains notable for its large beans and its characteristic, assertive cup profile.