Leucopénie

Leucopénie is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal number of white blood cells, also known as leukocytes, in the blood. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system, responsible for fighting off infections and diseases. A deficiency in these cells can therefore compromise the body's ability to defend itself.

The normal range for white blood cells can vary slightly depending on the laboratory, but generally falls between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. When the count drops below this threshold, it is termed leucopénie. The severity of leucopénie is often categorized as mild, moderate, or severe, with lower counts indicating a greater risk of infection.

There are several causes for leucopénie. It can be a side effect of certain medications, particularly chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment, as these target rapidly dividing cells, including white blood cells. Infections themselves, such as viral infections like influenza or HIV, can also lead to a temporary or chronic drop in white blood cell count. Autoimmune disorders, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, can also cause leucopénie. Bone marrow disorders, where the bone marrow fails to produce enough white blood cells, are another significant cause. Nutritional deficiencies, like a lack of vitamin B12 or folate, can also contribute.

Symptoms of leucopénie are often related to increased susceptibility to infections. Individuals may experience frequent or prolonged illnesses, fever, sore throat, mouth sores, or skin infections. In more severe cases, the symptoms can be life-threatening. Diagnosis is typically made through a complete blood count (CBC) test. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve addressing the infection, adjusting medications, or in some cases, bone marrow stimulation therapies.