Latexallergiaa

Latexallergiaa, or latex allergy, is an immune-mediated reaction to natural rubber latex proteins. Reactions can range from mild skin irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis. There are two main clinical patterns: a delayed-type contact dermatitis (type IV) caused by chemicals used in latex products, and an immediate-type IgE-mediated reaction (type I) to latex proteins.

Exposure typically occurs through frequent contact with latex-containing items such as medical gloves, balloon decorations, catheters, elastic bands, and some dental and surgical supplies. People with repeated exposure, including healthcare workers and individuals with congenital anomalies requiring multiple surgeries, are at higher risk. The condition may occur alongside the latex-fruit syndrome, where cross-reactivity links latex allergy with certain fruits like banana, avocado, chestnut, and kiwi.

Symptoms of a latex allergy vary by mechanism. Immediate reactions can include itching, hives, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, wheezing, and in severe cases anaphylaxis. Delayed contact dermatitis presents as redness, itching, and a scaly rash at the contact site, typically occurring hours after exposure.

Diagnosis is based on clinical history and may be confirmed with skin prick testing or specific IgE blood tests; patch testing can help identify contact dermatitis from latex proteins. Management focuses on avoidance of latex and use of non-latex alternatives, such as nitrile or neoprene gloves, in daily life and healthcare settings. Individuals at risk should have an action plan for possible anaphylaxis and carry emergency medications as advised by a clinician.