Laserstraling

Laserstrahlung, or laser radiation in German, is the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a laser as a consequence of stimulated emission in its active medium. It is characterized by high directionality, coherence, and a narrow spectral bandwidth, often with substantial brightness and intensity. The wavelength is determined by the laser medium and cavity design, ranging from ultraviolet through visible to near and mid-infrared, and it can be produced as continuous or pulsed light.

Most lasers rely on a gain medium—solid-state crystals or ceramics (for example Nd:YAG), gases (CO2, nitrogen), dyes, or semiconductor diodes. The emitted beam's properties depend on the medium, cavity, and pumping method, enabling a wide set of applications.

Applications include industrial materials processing (cutting, welding, engraving), medicine (laser surgery, ophthalmic procedures), telecommunications (fiber-optic transmission), scientific research (spectroscopy, metrology), and consumer electronics (laser printers).

Safety is a key consideration with laser radiation. It can cause eye and skin injuries, depending on wavelength, exposure duration, and power. Effective safety measures include engineering controls, proper labeling, and the use of eyewear designed for the specific wavelength. Many countries regulate lasers under classification and standards such as IEC 60825-1 or ANSI Z136, with classes 1–4 indicating increasing hazard. Risk assessment and training are required in workplaces and clinical settings.