Larkspur

Larkspur is the common name for several flowering plants in the genera Delphinium and Consolida, in the family Ranunculaceae. They are herbaceous perennials or annuals that produce tall spikes of densely arranged blossoms, often blue or purple but also pink, white, and other colors. Garden forms are popular in borders and for cut flowers, while wild larkspurs grow in meadows, fields, and along roadsides.

The plants have palmately lobed leaves and tall flowering stems carrying irregular zygomorphic flowers with a rear spur. Blooms appear in late spring to midsummer. Plant height varies widely, from about 30 cm for some annuals to over 2 meters for tall perennial cultivars. Flowers attract bees and other pollinators.

Taxonomy and classification can be complex, with Delphinium containing many perennials and Consolida comprising annual larkspurs. Some classifications treat Consolida as a part of Delphinium. Garden hybrids such as Delphinium x elatum are widely grown for tall, colorful spikes.

Distribution and habitat: Larkspurs are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with many species in Europe and Asia. They prefer well-drained soil and full sun to light shade. They thrive in cool climates and may tolerate some drought, depending on the species.

Cultivation and care: Most larkspurs are grown from seed sown in cool conditions or from established seedlings. Perennial larkspurs may reseed. Tall varieties often require staking and good air circulation to prevent disease. They can be susceptible to powdery mildew, fungal diseases, and other pests, and may be short-lived in some garden settings.

Toxicity and safety: All parts of larkspur are toxic if ingested by humans or animals, containing norditerpenoid alkaloids that affect nerve and muscle function. Poisoning can occur with small quantities, especially in grazing livestock and children; caution and fencing are advised.

Uses and ecology: Larkspurs are valued ornamentally in borders and cut-flower arrangements. They are attractive to pollinators, particularly bees.