Lapicoectomie

Lapicoectomie is a term that may refer to a laparoscopic colectomy, a surgical procedure to remove part or all of the colon using minimally invasive techniques. The more common terms are laparoscopic colectomy or laparocolectomy. The operation can be performed as a partial colectomy, subtotal colectomy, or total colectomy, and may be followed by reconnection of the remaining bowel or by creation of a permanent ostomy, depending on the disease being treated and the patient’s anatomy.

Indications for a laparoscopic colectomy include colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease), diverticular disease with complications, bowel obstruction, and other colonic lesions. The choice of technique depends on the segment of the colon involved, the goal of resection, and whether regional lymph nodes must be evaluated.

The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia with the patient in a position that provides access to the abdomen. The surgeon inserts several small incisions to place a camera and instruments. The affected portion of the colon is mobilized, blood vessels are divided, and the segment is removed. The remaining ends are connected through a joining of the bowel (anastomosis) or, in some cases, a stoma is created. The operation may be completed entirely laparoscopically or converted to an open procedure if needed.

Recovery generally includes a shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery compared with open surgery, though outcomes vary by indication and patient factors. Potential risks include anastomotic leak, infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding structures, and ileus. Long-term results depend on the underlying disease, the extent of resection, and margin status in cancer cases.