Landesplanungssystems

Landesplanungssysteme denote the state-level spatial planning systems of the German Länder. They form the middle tier of the national planning framework, situated between federal spatial planning (Raumordnung) and municipal land-use planning. While the exact structure and terminology vary by state, all Länder pursue coordinated land use, transport, housing, economy and environmental protection across their territories.

The legal basis and instruments for Landesplanung are set by each Land’s planning laws, within the framework of the federal Raumordnungsgesetz (ROG). The central instrument in most Länder is the Landesentwicklungsplan (LEP) or Landesentwicklungsprogramm, a strategic plan that outlines development paths, core regions, growth areas, and protective landscapes. Some Länder also use regional or sectoral plans such as Richtpläne or Raumordnungspläne. Municipal plans, particularly Flächennutzungspläne (land-use plans), are generally required to align with the LEP, with the LEP providing guiding and, in some states, legally relevant direction for local planning.

Content and objectives of Landesplanungssysteme typically include housing and urban development, economic development, transportation and infrastructure, environmental protection, nature conservation, climate adaptation, energy supply, and regional balance. The aim is to create coherent development across the state, prevent conflicting spatial demands, and connect urban centers with rural areas while safeguarding landscapes.

Process and governance involve state planning authorities, regional planning bodies, and input from municipalities and the public. Planning is carried out with opportunities for consultation, environmental assessment, and coordination with EU programs and funding. The exact procedures and the strength of LEP provisions vary by state, reflecting the constitutional autonomy of the Länder.