Laminovaného

Laminovaného is the genitive singular form of the Czech adjective laminovaný, meaning laminated or covered with a thin protective film. It is used to describe nouns in contexts where the noun is in the genitive case, for example obal laminovaného papíru or laminovaného dokumentu. The root lamina or lamination appears in related terms such as laminační a laminační proces.

Lamination is a finishing process that applies a clear film to a surface to increase durability, abrasion resistance, and moisture protection. Films are typically made of polyester (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polypropylene (PP). The adhesive system varies by method: hot lamination uses heated rollers to melt an adhesive layer, while cold lamination relies on pressure-sensitive films without heat. Film thickness is commonly measured in micrometers (µm) or mils and ranges from roughly 75 to 125 µm for consumer uses, with thicker options for heavier protection.

Applications include documents (educational certificates, menus), identification and security cards, signage, book covers, or packaging. Advantages of lamination are improved durability, water resistance, UV protection, and color retention. Disadvantages can include reduced flexibility, edge curling, glare, potential yellowing over time, and the fact that lamination is not easily reversible. Environmental considerations note that laminated films complicate recycling and may require dedicated disposal streams.

In usage, laminovaného appears in phrases describing a laminated item in the genitive, reinforcing its role as a classifier tied to the noun it modifies.