Laktoseaufspaltung

Laktoseaufspaltung refers to the process by which lactose, a disaccharide sugar found in milk and dairy products, is broken down into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose. This enzymatic process is crucial for the digestion and absorption of lactose in the small intestine.

The primary enzyme responsible for laktoseaufspaltung is lactase, also known as beta-galactosidase. Lactase is produced by cells lining the wall of the small intestine. When lactose is ingested, it travels to the small intestine where it comes into contact with lactase. The lactase enzyme then catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond linking glucose and galactose, yielding these two simpler sugars.

Glucose and galactose are then readily absorbed into the bloodstream and can be utilized by the body for energy. In individuals with sufficient lactase activity, this breakdown is efficient. However, a deficiency in lactase leads to lactose intolerance, a condition where undigested lactose accumulates in the small intestine and eventually reaches the large intestine. In the large intestine, bacteria ferment the undigested lactose, producing gases and short-chain fatty acids, which can cause symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and flatulence. The ability to digest lactose varies significantly among different populations and is influenced by genetic factors.