Laktasjon

Laktasjon refers to the physiological process by which female mammals produce milk to nourish their young. This complex process is hormonally regulated, primarily by prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. Oxytocin, released by the posterior pituitary, plays a crucial role in milk ejection, commonly known as the let-down reflex, which allows milk to flow from the alveoli to the nipple.

The development of mammary glands capable of lactation, known as mammogenesis, begins during puberty and is further stimulated during pregnancy. After childbirth, hormonal changes trigger the onset of milk production. The composition of milk varies among species but generally includes water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals essential for the offspring's growth and development.

Lactation is not only vital for infant nutrition but also confers numerous health benefits to both mother and child. For the infant, breast milk provides antibodies that boost immunity and is easily digestible. For the mother, breastfeeding can help the uterus contract after childbirth, reduce the risk of certain cancers, and promote maternal-infant bonding. The duration and intensity of lactation can be influenced by factors such as the frequency of nursing, maternal nutrition, and overall health. Cessation of lactation typically occurs when milk production is no longer stimulated or through deliberate weaning.