Laktázdeficienciát

Laktázdeficiencia, also known as lactase deficiency, is a condition characterized by the insufficient production of lactase, an enzyme produced in the small intestine. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products, into simpler sugars, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed by the body. When lactase is deficient, lactose is not properly digested and passes into the large intestine, where bacteria ferment it.

This maldigestion of lactose leads to a variety of symptoms, most commonly gastrointestinal distress. These symptoms can include bloating, abdominal pain, gas, nausea, and diarrhea, typically occurring within 30 minutes to two hours after consuming foods containing lactose. The severity of symptoms often correlates with the amount of lactose consumed and the degree of lactase deficiency.

Lactase deficiency can be primary or secondary. Primary lactase deficiency is the most common form and is genetically determined, often developing in childhood or adolescence, particularly in populations with a long history of dairy consumption. Secondary lactase deficiency is temporary and results from damage to the small intestine, such as that caused by celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or gastroenteritis.

Diagnosis is usually made based on the patient's medical history, symptom presentation, and can be confirmed through a hydrogen breath test or lactose tolerance test. Management primarily involves dietary adjustments, such as reducing or eliminating lactose-containing foods. Lactase enzyme supplements can also be taken before consuming dairy products to aid digestion.