LVverkosta

LVverkosta, or the low-voltage network, denotes the portion of the electricity distribution system that delivers electrical power to final consumers at low voltage. In most systems, the distribution network is divided into a medium-voltage (MV) layer and an LV layer; MV networks carry power from substations to local areas, while LV networks connect those areas to homes, shops and small businesses at low voltage levels.

Key components of the LV network include distribution transformers that step down from MV to LV, LV feeders and distribution cables or overhead lines, protection and switching gear, metering devices, and service connections from the street to individual buildings. The network is typically operated by a distribution system operator (DSO) and is designed to ensure safety, reliability, and power quality.

Voltage levels commonly used for LV distribution are around 230 V single-phase and 400 V three-phase in many European systems. The LV network is subject to national and European regulatory frameworks, grid codes, and standards. Operators monitor performance using reliability metrics such as SAIDI and SAIFI and manage faults, outages, and restoration.

Recent trends include integration of distributed energy resources such as rooftop solar PV, energy storage, electric vehicles, and demand-side management. These developments require digitalization, deployment of smart meters, remote monitoring, and enhanced planning to maintain voltage quality and network hosting capacity.