LHWP

The Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) is a major cross-border water transfer initiative between Lesotho and South Africa. It was conceived to augment South Africa’s water supply, particularly in the Gauteng region, while promoting development in Lesotho. The project is managed on the Lesotho side by the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA) and coordinated with South African authorities for the water transfer components.

The project comprises dam construction in Lesotho and an integrated network of tunnels, pipelines, and reservoirs that convey water to South Africa’s water management system. It also includes hydroelectric facilities intended to generate electricity for local use in Lesotho. The principal components in Phase I are the Katse Dam and Reservoir and the Mohale Dam and Reservoir, which together form a significant portion of the initial transfer route to the South African system.

Phase II envisions additional developments, including the Polihali Dam on the Senqu River and an extended transfer network designed to increase capacity and reliability. Implementation has involved environmental and social assessments, resettlement planning, and ongoing governance and financing negotiations. The schedule and scope of Phase II have experienced delays and revisions, reflecting the complexity of large-scale transboundary infrastructure projects.

Environmental and social aspects of the LHWP include measures to mitigate ecological impact, manage resettlement and livelihoods for affected communities, and monitor ongoing environmental performance. The project remains a focal point of regional water security discussions and Has been subject to political and financial considerations over the years.

Current status: Phase I is largely complete and operational, providing water to parts of South Africa. Phase II has progressed variably, with planning, procurement, and construction activities occurring at different times depending on funding and governance conditions.