LCIS

LCIS, or Lobular Carcinoma In Situ, is a non-invasive breast condition characterized by abnormal cell growth within the lobules, the milk-producing glands of the breast. It is classified as a high-risk lesion, indicating an increased likelihood of developing invasive breast cancer in the future, particularly in the same breast.

LCIS is often asymptomatic and typically detected incidentally through screening mammography. When symptoms do occur, they may include breast tenderness or a palpable lump, although these are less common. On mammograms, LCIS usually appears as an area of increased density or calcifications, but it can be difficult to distinguish from other benign or malignant lesions without biopsy.

Histologically, LCIS displays proliferation of uniform, small, and loosely cohesive cells filling the lobules. Unlike ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), LCIS cells usually do not invade surrounding tissues, and the lesion is confined within the lobules.

Management of LCIS varies depending on individual risk factors and patient preferences. Options include vigilant surveillance with regular imaging, chemopreventive medications such as tamoxifen or Raloxifene to reduce the risk of future invasive cancer, or surgical options like lumpectomy or bilateral mastectomy in high-risk cases.

While LCIS itself is not considered precancerous, its presence signifies an increased risk for developing breast cancer, often necessitating close follow-up and risk-reduction strategies. Overall, understanding and appropriate management of LCIS are critical in breast cancer prevention and early detection efforts.