Législative

Législative refers to the branch of government responsible for making laws. In systems governed by the rule of law, this branch is defined by the separation of powers, operating alongside the executive and the judiciary. The term is used in French-speaking contexts to describe the body or bodies that legislate, such as a parliament or an assembly, and also to denote a legislative period or session.

Structurally, the legislative can be unicameral (one chamber) or bicameral (two chambers). Its members are typically elected, though some systems include appointive elements. The exact composition and powers vary by country and constitution, but common forms of representation include deputies or representatives and, in bicameral legislatures, two distinct houses that may have different electoral bases or terms.

Key functions include drafting, debating, and adopting laws; approving the budget and public finance measures; exercising oversight of the executive through inquiries, hearings, and votes of confidence or censure; and ratifying international agreements in some jurisdictions. The legislative process usually involves the introduction of a bill, committee examination, multiple readings or debates, amendments, and a vote. In many systems, a bill becomes law after enactment and promulgation by the head of state, though vetoes or required revisions may apply.

Terminology notes: législative is often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers. The term also appears in phrases such as Assemblée législative or législature, referring to a specific legislative body or to the period for which the legislature is elected.