Kõrgushaigus

Kõrgushaigus, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a common illness that affects people when they ascend to high altitudes too quickly. It is caused by the lower partial pressure of oxygen at higher elevations. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and typically appear within 6 to 24 hours of reaching a new altitude. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. For most people, symptoms are mild and resolve with rest and acclimatization.

The severity of kõrgushaigus depends on the altitude reached, the speed of ascent, and individual susceptibility. Higher altitudes and faster ascents increase the risk of developing the condition. While most cases are mild, severe forms can progress to life-threatening conditions such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). HAPE involves fluid accumulation in the lungs, causing severe breathing difficulties, while HACE is characterized by fluid in the brain, leading to confusion, loss of coordination, and potentially coma.

Prevention is key to managing kõrgushaigus. Gradual ascent allows the body to acclimatize to the lower oxygen levels. Recommendations include ascending no more than 300-500 meters per day above 2,500 meters and taking a rest day for every 1,000 meters gained. Staying well-hydrated and avoiding alcohol and strenuous activity upon arrival at altitude are also important. Acetazolamide is a medication that can be prescribed to aid acclimatization and reduce the risk of AMS.

Treatment for mild kõrgushaigus involves descending to a lower altitude, resting, and ensuring adequate hydration. For more severe cases or if symptoms worsen or do not improve with descent, immediate medical attention is crucial. Descent is the most effective treatment, and in severe cases, oxygen therapy may be administered. Prompt recognition and appropriate management are essential to prevent serious complications.