Kõhrkude

Kõhrkude, known in English as cartilage, is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body, including joints, ears, nose, and the rib cage. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes, which are embedded within a dense matrix of collagen and elastic fibers. This matrix gives cartilage its strength and flexibility, allowing it to withstand significant forces while remaining resilient.

There are three main types of cartilage, each with distinct properties and functions. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type, is found in the articular surfaces of bones in joints, the rib cage, and the respiratory tract. It provides smooth, low-friction surfaces for movement and supports airways. Elastic cartilage, which contains a high proportion of elastic fibers, is found in the external ear and the epiglottis, providing flexibility and the ability to recoil to its original shape. Fibrocartilage, the strongest and most rigid type, is found in the intervertebral discs, menisci of the knee, and pubic symphysis. It acts as a shock absorber and provides strong support.

Unlike bone, cartilage lacks blood vessels and nerves, meaning it heals very slowly and often incompletely. Its nourishment relies on diffusion from surrounding tissues and the synovial fluid in joints. This avascular nature contributes to its resilience but also makes it vulnerable to damage and degeneration, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis.