Käytöshäiriöiden

käytöshäiriöt, or behavior disorders, are psychiatric conditions characterised by persistent patterns of maladaptive behavior that violate societal norms or impair functioning. In children and adolescents, common presentations include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and selective mutism. Adult forms may include antisocial personality disorder and intermittent explosive disorder. Diagnostic criteria are outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‑5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‑11). Symptoms may involve aggression, defiance, emotional dysregulation, and rule-breaking. These disorders often coexist with other conditions such as anxiety, mood disorders, and learning disabilities.

Etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, neurobiological abnormalities such as serotonergic dysregulation, early childhood trauma, parenting styles, and environmental stressors. Neuroimaging studies frequently reveal differences in frontal lobe structure and function.

Effective interventions comprise behavioural therapy, cognitive‑behavioural therapy, parental training, and, when appropriate, pharmacological treatment such as stimulants for ADHD or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for comorbid depression. Early identification and multidisciplinary treatment improve long‑term outcomes, reducing risk of academic failure, substance misuse, and criminal activity. Prevention strategies focus on promoting stable family environments, social skill development, and school‑based supports.