Kärlobstruktion

Kärlobstruktion refers to a blockage in the vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra. This blockage prevents sperm from being ejaculated, leading to infertility. Kärlobstruktion can occur in one or both vas deferens and can be congenital or acquired.

Congenital kärlobstruktion is present at birth and is often associated with conditions like cystic fibrosis. In these cases, the vas deferens may be underdeveloped or absent. Acquired kärlobstruktion can result from various factors, including infections, surgical procedures in the groin or scrotum, or trauma. Inflammation and scarring can lead to the narrowing or complete closure of the vas deferens.

Symptoms of kärlobstruktion are primarily related to infertility. Men with this condition may ejaculate a low volume of semen or no semen at all (azoospermia). Physical examination might reveal the absence or blockage of the vas deferens. The testes usually produce sperm normally.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, semen analysis to check for sperm count, and sometimes ultrasound or genetic testing to identify underlying causes. Treatment options depend on the cause and location of the obstruction. Vasovasostomy, a surgical procedure to reconnect the vas deferens, or vasoepididymostomy, which connects the vas deferens to the epididymis, are common surgical interventions. In cases where surgery is not successful or feasible, assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) with sperm retrieval may be considered.