Käivituskarakteristikud

Käivituskarakteristikud refers to the starting characteristics of an electric motor. These characteristics describe how a motor behaves when it is first energized and begins to rotate. Key aspects include the initial torque, current draw, and speed build-up. Understanding these parameters is crucial for proper motor selection, application design, and protection system configuration.

When a motor starts, it typically experiences a much higher current draw than its normal running current. This is known as the starting current or inrush current. The magnitude of this current is often several times the full-load current and depends on factors like the motor design (e.g., squirrel cage or wound rotor), starting method (direct-on-line, star-delta, soft starter), and the initial rotor position. The starting torque is the torque produced by the motor at zero speed. Different motor types and designs have varying starting torque capabilities, which must be sufficient to overcome the load inertia and friction without stalling.

The speed at which the motor reaches its operational or rated speed is also part of its starting characteristics. This rate of acceleration is influenced by the motor's torque-speed curve, the connected load, and any starting control methods employed. For applications with sensitive equipment or limited power supply capacity, controlling the starting current and torque is essential. This is achieved through various starting methods like soft starters or variable frequency drives, which gradually increase the voltage and/or frequency supplied to the motor, thereby moderating the initial current and torque. Analyzing these käivituskarakteristikud ensures that the motor operates reliably and efficiently from the moment it is switched on.