Kyynelkanaviin

Kyynelkanaviin, also known as "tear gas" or "riot control agent," is a chemical compound primarily used for crowd control and self-defense. The term originates from Finnish, where *kyyneli* means "tear" and *kanaviin* means "vinegar," referencing its irritating effects on the eyes and respiratory system. The most common active ingredient in tear gas is ortho-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS gas), though other compounds like chloropicrin (CN) and oleoresin capsicum (OC or pepper spray) are also used for similar purposes.

Tear gas is typically deployed as a fine mist or aerosol, causing immediate irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. Exposure leads to tearing, coughing, and difficulty breathing, which can induce panic and disperse crowds. It is often used by law enforcement during protests or riots, though its use has been controversial due to concerns over excessive force and potential harm to bystanders, including those with respiratory conditions.

The effects of tear gas are generally temporary, lasting from a few minutes to an hour, and do not cause permanent damage. However, prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to more severe respiratory issues. First aid for tear gas exposure includes moving to fresh air, flushing the eyes with water, and avoiding rubbing them. In severe cases, medical attention may be required.

Tear gas has been a subject of debate regarding its ethical use, particularly in situations involving journalists, medical personnel, or unarmed individuals. Some countries regulate or restrict its deployment, while others permit its use under specific conditions. Alternatives to tear gas, such as water cannons or non-lethal projectiles, are sometimes preferred to minimize harm.