Kysynnänohjauskeinot

Kysynnänohjauskeinot, known in English as demand-side management (DSM) or demand response (DR), refers to a collection of strategies and technologies used by electricity grid operators and utilities to influence the amount of electricity consumers use, particularly during periods of high demand. The primary goal of these measures is to reduce peak electricity consumption, which can strain the grid, increase electricity costs, and necessitate the use of less efficient and more polluting power plants. By actively managing demand, utilities can improve grid stability, defer costly infrastructure upgrades, and integrate more renewable energy sources, which often have intermittent generation patterns.

These methods can be broadly categorized into two main types: direct load control and incentive-based programs. Direct load control typically involves the utility having the ability to remotely cycle or temporarily shut down specific high-consumption appliances, such as air conditioners or water heaters, in participating households. This is usually done with customer consent and often involves a financial incentive or a discount on electricity rates. Incentive-based programs, on the other hand, encourage consumers to voluntarily reduce their electricity usage during peak times through various financial rewards. This can include lower prices during off-peak hours, rebates for reducing consumption when requested by the utility, or participation in energy markets where consumers are compensated for shedding load.

The implementation of kysynnänohjauskeinot has become increasingly important with the growth of variable renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, which are subject to weather conditions. By reducing demand when these sources are unavailable or when overall demand is exceptionally high, grid operators can better balance supply and demand, ensuring a reliable and efficient electricity system. Consumer participation is crucial for the success of these programs, and they often benefit from lower energy bills and a more stable electricity supply.