Kylfing

Kylfing is a historical term that has seen varied usage throughout different periods and regions, most notably in early medieval Ireland and Scotland. It generally refers to a type of mercenary soldier or pirate. The term's etymology is uncertain, but it is believed to be related to words describing a club or a stout stick, perhaps indicating a weapon used by these warriors.

In Irish sources, Kylfings are often depicted as seafaring raiders who arrived from overseas. Their activities are typically described as destructive, involving plunder and violence. They are sometimes mentioned in conjunction with other foreign groups, such as the Norsemen. The precise origin and ethnicity of the Kylfings remain a subject of scholarly debate, with some theories suggesting they may have been a distinct group of Norse or even Germanic peoples who operated in the Irish Sea.

The term also appears in Scottish contexts, particularly in relation to Viking activity in the north of Britain. Here, Kylfings are sometimes conflated with or used interchangeably with other terms for Norse warriors. Their presence in Scotland is often linked to raids on coastal settlements and the establishment of temporary bases. The historical record concerning Kylfings is fragmented, making it challenging to establish a definitive account of their identity, origins, and the full extent of their impact.